Salinity plays an important role for phenomenon identification of upwelling and downwelling. The result of the investigation showed that the increasing of chl-a and decreasing of SST in the northern CJP dominant by monsoonal cycle and southern CJP dominant by monsoonal cycle and ENSO – IOD. It is caused by the intensity of lifting the mass of water from deeper waters to the sea surface, which possibly supplies the nutrients in the surface waters. The value of chl-a (SST) is greater than 4 mg.L-1 (less than 24✬) are observed in the east monsoon. The highest impact to variability of chl-a and SST occurred during IOD+ extreme (2019), where the range of value chl-a (SST) in south CJP is 0,35–4,57 mg.L-1 (23,29 – 30,49✬). However, ENSO and IOD extremes have clearly altered the variability of chl-a and SST in the southern CJP. In addition, the analysis reveals that the ENSO and IOD extremes do not clearly alter the variability of chl-a and SST in the northern CJP. During the monsoonal cycle, the maximum (minimum) chl-a (SST) in northern CJP is 0.7 mg.L-1 (28.5✬) is observed in the West Monsoon, and in the southern CJP is 1.5 mg.L-1 (25.5✬) is observed in the East Monsoon. The analysis found differences between the variability of chl-a and SST during the monsoonal cycle and ENSO-IOD extreme conditions. Our analysis is based on satellite observations and uses daily data to compile climatological data. This present study investigated the variability of chl-a and SST influenced by monsoonal cycles, IOD, and ENSO in both CJP waters. Previous studies did not clearly describe the variability of chl-a and SST when compared to other cycles. ![]() It has been widely known that the variability of chl-a and SST in the waters of Central Java Province (CJP) is influenced by the monsoonal cycle. Chlorophyll-a (chl-a) and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) are important indicators of air-sea interaction and primary productivity.
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